PLANT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (25 questions, 25 points)
60. Which of the following can not be
stated relating to cyclic photophosphorylation?
A) It is
favored when the cell is more in need of ATP than NADPre
B) It is favored when NADPox is in short supply
C) An energized electron is first accepted by
ferredoxin
D) Plastocyanin is the last acceptor of an
energized electron before it reaches the center
E) In the system, cytochrome ปf connects
ferredoxin to plastoquinone
62.
I. It is required for activity of some
dehydrogenases, decarboxylases, kinases, oxidases and
peroxidases
II. Under its deficiency, plant tissues become
soft and often flaccid even under low
temperature and stress conditions
III. It is required for the photosynthetic
reactions involved in the O2 cycle
Which of the alternatives given above are
arranged best?
I II III
--ญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญ
A) N Ca Mg
B) S Mn Mg
C) Mn N P
D) Mn Ca Cl
E) Cl K P
63. When the temperature is high and the amount of dissolved oxygen is
higher than that of CO2 in the chloroplasts, in which of the
following plants does growth not slow down?
A) Wheat
B) Water melon
C) Sun flower
D) Sugar cane
E) Rice
68. Which of the following can not be referred to as blue‑light responses in higher plants and fungi?
A)
Phototropism in Phycomyces
B)
Carotenoid biosynthesis in Neurospora
C) Stomatal opening in higher plants
D) Chloroplast rearrangements
E) Flavonoid synthesis
69. "Shooty" tumors are produced in the stem of an "X" plant infected by bacteria in which mutations occur in their T‑DNA, while "rooty" tumors are formed in the stem of a "Y" plant. Which of the following is true for the effects mentioned above.
A) In the "X" plant, the
genes which are responsible for giberellin synthesis are inactivated while in
the "Y" plant, genes which are responsible for abscissic acid
synthesis are inactivated
B) In the "X" plant, the
genes which are responsible for Indol-acetic-acid synthesis are inactivated
while in the "Y" plant, genes which are responsible for zeatin
synthesis are inactivated
C)
In
the "X" plant, the genes which are responsible for zeatin synthesis
are inactivated while in the "Y" plant, genes which are responsible
for ethylene synthesis are inactivated.
D)
In
the "X" plant, the genes which are responsible for abscissic acid
synthesis inactivated while in the "Y" plant, genes which are
responsible ethylene synthesis are inactivated.
E)
In
the "X" plant, the genes which are responsible for cytokinins
synthesis are inactivated while in the "Y" plant, genes which are
responsible for ethylene synthesis are inactivated.
70. In the figure, changes in water potential in the leaves of a plant over a period of time are shown. Which of the following is true according to this situation?
A) The ABA content decreased, and
stomata resistance increased on the 2nd and 6'h days; the process was reversed
on the and 8 days.
B) The ABA content did not change, and
stomatal conductivity decreased on the
2nd and 6th days; the process was reversed on the 6"'and 8'h days
C) The ABA content increased and
stomata resistance decreased on the 2nd and 6th days; the process was reversed
on the 6" and 8'h days.
D)
The
ABA content and stomata resistance increased on the 2nd and 6th days; the
process was reversed on the 6th and 8" days.
E)
The
ABA content decreased and stomatal conductance increased on the 2nd and 6th
days; the process was reversed on the 6" and 8~" days.
71. Which of the
following are limiting or near‑limiting nutrients both in aquatic and
terrestrial systems?
A) Nitrogen‑potassium
B) Potassium‑magnesium
C) Phosphorus‑nitrogen
D) Calcium‑magnesium
E) Iodine‑magnesium
72. Which of the
following is not true for the auxin transport in plants?
A) IAA transport usually does not take place in
sieve tubes and xylem
B) IAA transport usually occurs in
parenchymatic cells adjacent to vascular bundles
C) The movement of auxin is slow.
D) IAA moves mainly from the apex to the base
(basipetal direction)
E) Auxin transport does not require energy
73. Light is perceived by all living organisms in one way or the other. The pigment of choice for this process of photoperception are carotenoids. Which of the following properties make carotenoids the right pigment for this function.
A) Their ability to absorb most of the
visible and Ultraviolet light
B) Their high capacity to store and
transfer light energy as chemical energy
C) As saturated organic compounds,
their capability to preserve themselves against environmental factors such as
high energy currents
D) Their high affinity for proteins
which have a role in perception
E)
The efficiency of long conjugated double bond systems in their structure
to initiate light sensitive stereoisomerism
74. The changes that take place in fruits when they ripen (color, texture and chemical composition) are due to:
The CO2
content in the atmosphere
The
temperature variation
The
ethylene synthesis in the plant
The
indolacetic concentration in the fruit
The
giberellin concentration in the fruit
76. The data obtained relating to the rates of oxygen release and uptake in plants. The plants were placed in the dark for 12 hours in light. The temperature was constant throughout the experiment. The results are shown in the graph.
Which of
the following is the most accurate estimate of the total volume of oxygen used
by the plants for respiration during 24 hours of the experimental time?
A)
50
cm3
B)
600
cm3
C)
1000
cm3
D)
1200
cm3
E)
1800
cm3
77. In which aspect does C4 photosynthesis differ from Crassulacean acid metabolism?
A)
PEP
carboxylase is only used in C4 photosynthesis
B)
CO2
fixation in CAM plants occurs at night while it occurs in C4 plants
during the day time
C)
Organic
acids with four carbons are only produced in C4 photosynthesis
D)
Only
plants with crassulacean acid metabolism can carry out photosynthesis in arid
environments
E)
Only
plants with C4 photosynthesis can economize water
78 Which of the following cannot be stated with
relation to the shoot apex?
A)
There
is only one apical cell in vascular non-flowering plants
B)
There
is more than one apical cell in each cell layer in gymnosperms
C)
There
are different apical cells in more than one tissue layer in angiosperms
D)
An
apical cell is pyramidal shaped in non-flowering plants
E)
A
shoot apex with remarkable tunica and corpus is found in gymnosperms.
79. Which of the following cannot be stated for the colenchyma?
A)
It
is a living tissue found in developing organs
B)
It
is formed in the roots only under the effect of light
C)
Its
location in petioles is peripheral
D)
It
is located at the periphery of woody stems
E)
It
is located at the periphery of lamina
80. Which of the following can not be referred to as a function of the sporoderm layer of pollens?
A)
The
storage of enzyme proteins for the reactions
B)
Playing
a role in the reaction between pollen and stigma
C)
Production
of the pollen tube
D)
Protection
of pollen against external factors
E)
Realizing
pollination
82. In a flower, symmetry is radial, calyx 4 and tubular, corolla 4 and is separate, the androecium has 5 stamens and is connected to the corolla, the gynoecium is separated into 5 parts, superior and syncarpous. Which of the formula is consistent with the description given above?
A)
+K(4)[C4A(5)]G(5)
B)
+K(4)C4A(5)G(5)
C) *K4C4A5G5
D)
*K(4)[C4A(5)]G(5)
E) *K4[C4A5]G5
83. Which of the following is true for a C4 plant in which some leaves can carry out C3 photosynthesis while others can carry out C4 photosynthesis?
A)
In
fact, it is a C3 plant
B)
The
leaves which carry out C3 photosynthesis lack Kranz anatomy
C)
PEP
is not synthesized in the leaves which carry out C4 photosynthesis
D)
It
indicates that the C4 pathway was evolved from the C3
pathway
E)
both
C3 and C4 photosynthesis do not occur on the same leaf.
BIOSYSTEMATICS
(10 Questions, 10 Points)
86.
I a small
dry single-seeded, indehiscent fruit
II A fruit
with a single ovary consisting of a single carpel
III
Dehiscent fruit is formed by two carpels with a septum between the carpels and
its length is less than three times its width
The above
statements describe three fruit types
Which of the
following combinations are correct for the fruit types?
I II III
A) Silique Legume Achene
B) Legume Silique Achene
C) Silique Achene Legume
D) Achene Silique Legume
E) Achene Legume Silique
89. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a deuterostomian animal?
A)
Radial
cleavage during the embryonic development
B)
Regulative
development during the embryonic period
C)
Enterocoelom
D)
Pharyngeal
slits on the pharynx
E)
Original(evolutionary
origin) bilateral symmetry
90. The main reason for echinoderms living only
in the sea is because
A)
They
were adapted to be sessile so they do not have a great distribution
B)
They
appear fist in the seas
C)
They
live in different habitat types in the sea
D)
They
have no excretory system
E)
There
are safer places in the deep sea
91 Which one of the following structures of earthworms has similar functions to the liver of vertebrates?
A)
Typhlosolis
B)
Coelomocytes
C)
Chloragogen
cells
D)
Cells
that line the inner surface of the small intestine
E)
Calcium
gland cells
92. The metanephridia of annelids and mollusks are functionally and structurally similar to the vertebrate kidneys. During the formation of urine, filtration, reabsorption and secretion processes occur. Where does filtration occur in the nephridium of mussels?
A)
On
the nephrostom in the nephridium
B)
On
the cardiac wall and pericardial glands
C)
On
the tubules that are connected to the nephrostom
D)
On
the wall of the intestine
E)
On
the gill capillaries
93. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of mollusks (Mollusca)?
A)
Mantle
B)
Radula
C)
Trochophore
larva
D)
Spiral
cleavage
E)
Regulative
development
ANIMAL
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (20 Questions, 20 Points)
96. Which of the following is an important
feature of primitive aquatic life forms
A)
Partially
oxygenated blood
B)
An
open circulation with no small blood vessels or capillaries
C)
Significantly
decreased blood pressure
D)
Highly
acidic blood
E)
Carriage
of most of the O2 in the plasma
97.
I.
Partial
O2 pressure
II.
pH
III.
Amount
of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
IV.
Partial
CO2 pressure
V.
Body
temperature
The factors
affecting the dissociation of O2 from hemoglobin in the human
circulatory system are given above. In
which of the following condition does this dissociation occur most easily?
A)
I
high III low IV high
B)
II
high V low III high
C)
I
low IV high III high
D)
V
high IV low I high
E)
II
low III low V low
98. A nerve skeletal muscle isolated preparation is place in a Ca2+ free medium appropriate for its survival. If the nerve is electrically stimulated, which of the following events will occur?
A)
The
muscle will not be stimulated
B)
The
muscle will be stimulated but will not contract
C)
The
muscle will be both stimulated and will contract
D)
The
muscle will not be stimulated, but even if it were, it would not contract
E)
The
muscle may be stimulated, and may contract, but it will not relax
99. Which of the following is false about the differences between the vertebrate skeletal muscles and smooth muscles?
A)
Skeletal
muscle is more sensitive to electrical stimulation while smooth muscle is more
sensitive to chemical stimulation
B)
Skeletal
muscle has a certain length in the resting state: smooth muscle has not
C)
Smooth
muscle contracts more than skeletal muscle after stretching
D)
Skeletal
muscle consumes 10% less energy than the smooth muscle if the same degree of
contraction is attained
E)
Without
a nerve connection, skeletal muscle cannot function, but smooth muscle can
100.
The figure
shows a feedback system for the control of the output of blood from the heart
(cardiac output). Which of the following
gives the correct description of the parts played by the components X, Y and Z?
X Y Z
A) Monitor Receptor Effector
B) Monitor Effector Receptor
C) Receptor Monitor Effector
D) Receptor Effector Monitor
E) Effector Monitor Receptor
101.
I.
The
magnitude of the impulse is dependent on the size of the stimulus
II.
The
number of fibers which are stimulated increases with the size of the stimulus
III.
The
speed at which the impulse travels increases with the size of the stimulus
IV.
The
speed at which the impulse travels depends on whether or not the nerve has a
myelin sheath
V.
The
speed of the impulse conduction is directly proportional to the diameter of the
axon
Which of
the following is the correct combination of the statements give above about the
never conduction?
A)
I,
II and III
B)
II,
III, and IV
C)
II,
IV, and V
D)
III,
IV and V
E)
I,
III and V
103. The figure shows some parts of a mammalian eye numbered 1-5. If light suddenly strikes the eye, which of the following will be the pathway for the evoked unconditional pupil reflex. (CNS = Central Nervous System)
A)
From
4 to the CNS and the to 3
B)
From
1 to 4 then to the CNS and then to2
C)
From
3 to the CNS and back to 3
D)
From
5 to 1 then to 2
E)
From
4 to the CNS and then to 5
104. When an epinephrine solution is dropped on the surface of a frog muscle (M. gastrocnemius) in vitro, the muscle displays a strong contraction. However, when the epinephrine solution is injected into the muscle cell, nothing happens. Which of the following is the reason for this?
A)
Epinephrine
induced the antagonistic effect inside the cell
B)
Epinephrine
induced the side-effect inside the cell
C)
Epinephrine
was not processed by proteolytic enzymes
D)
Epinephrine
did not find the receptor inside the cell
E)
Epinephrine
was degraded inside the cell
105. Which of the following alternatives constitute the cell groups that function effectively in the human immune system?
A)
T
lymphocyte B lymphocyte Macrophage
B)
T
lymphocyte Macrophage Erythrocyte
C)
B
lymphocyte Kuppfer cell Lipocyte
D)
Dendritic
cell Neutrophilic leukocyte Fibroblast
E)
Microglia
Histiocyte- Megakaryocyte
106. The left-hand diagram shows a frog sciatic nerve lying across a number of electrodes. The electrodes A and B are use for stimulating and C and D for recording. The right hand diagram shows a typical recorded action potential. Based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?
A)
The
duration of the recorded action potential (d) will be independent of the
distance between electrodes C and D.
B)
The
magnitude of the recorded action potential (m) will be independent of the
distance between electrodes C and D
C)
The
first deflection on the recording occurs when electrode C is negative with
respect to D.
D)
The
duration of the recorded action potential will depend on the distance between B
and C
E)
The
recorded action potential can be mad monophasic by applying local anesthetic at
A.
108. Which one of the following is incorrectly matched?
A)
Bird
Discoidal cleavage Erythrocyte with nucleus
B)
Frog
Mesonephros kidney- Holoblastic in equal cleavage
C)
Reptile
- Viviparous organisms Telolecithal egg
D)
Fish
deuterostomian- Radial cleavage
E)
Mussel
Protostomian- Mosaic development
109. Diagram shows the rates of filtration (F), reabsorption ฎ and excretion (E) of a substance (X) in relation to its plasma concentration by the kidneys. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
A)
The
reabsorption of X is dependent on its plasma concentration
B)
The
filtration rate of X is directly proportional to its plasma concentration
C)
When
the plasma concentration of X reaches a certain value, its excretion rate
suddenly increases
D)
The
concentration of X in the urine is expected to be higher than in the glomerular
filtrate
E)
The
filtration rate of X in the glomerulus is constant
110, Which of the following hormonal conditions of a woman is suitable in her late pregnancy?
A)
Increasing
estrogen and progesterone concentrations
B)
Estrogen
decreases, progesterone decreases
C)
Estrogen
increases, progesterone decreases
D)
Estrogen
decreases, progesterone decreases
E)
Luteinizing
Hormone increases, Human Chorionic Gonadotrophine increases
114.
Which of
the following can be said according to the graph given above?
I Gamete formation in human
II Gamete formation in phanerogamia
III Gamete formation in queen honey bee
and the development of the male bee
IV Spore formation and development in ferns
A)
I
and II
B)
III
and IV
C)
II
and IV
D)
I,II
and IV
E)
I,
II, and III
115. Which one of the following is true about determination?
A)
Differentiation
occurs before determination
B)
In
animals, the cells that appear after the first two dividings are determined
C)
A
determined cell will keep its features wherever it is transported in the embryo
D)
When
a cell is determined, its structure (shape) will begin to change
E)
A
determined cell has the same transcription model as a differentiated one
BEHAVIOUR
(5 questions, 5 points)
116. In the picture, a flying dummy (silhouette) of a bird is illustrated. If the dummy is moved over hatched chicks of a pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) from left to right (upper arrow) or from right to left for a second time (lower arrow), the chicks will react as follows (mark the correct answer with an X)
I In
both cases the chicks will react to the silhouette by crouching
II In
both cases the chicks will not react at all
III During
the movement of the silhouette from left to right (upper arrow) the chicks will
not react.
IV During
the movement of the silhouette from right to left (lower arrow) the chicks will
not react
V During
the movement of the silhouette from right to left (lower arrow) the chicks will
react by crouching
VI During
the movement of the silhouette from left to the right (upper arrow) the chicks
react by crouching
A)
Only
I
B)
Only
II
C)
III
and V
D)
IV
and VI
E)
III
and VI
117. Animal aggression comes out in several cases and aggression is also motivated by various conditions such as external stimulus.
Which of the following is not an aggressive
behavior?
A)
The
behavior of the prey that is under the threat of being killed
B)
Behavior
that does not reflect the normal behavior and specifications of a group
C)
The
behavior against intruders in order to protect their territory
D)
Behavior
towards other animals that try to steal their own food
E)
Behavior
by predator against its prey.
118
When
honeybees find a food-supply, they can show the exact place of the supply to
other individuals of the colony by a ปtail-wagging dance. An example to this behavior is illustrated
above.
According
to this example, for a honeybee that makes the illustrated tail-wagging dance
below, which one of the following shows the location of the food supply?
119.
It is known
that some grasshopper species may make a sound in order to court the opposite
sex and these sounds are species specific.
It is also observed that these sounds seem very different when the close
relative species live in the same area.
The sonograms of the ปmating songs of the five different species of
male grasshoppers from the genus Chorthippus
is given above. Which ones of these
species are living together in the same are
A)
I
and II
B)
III
and IV
C)
III
and V
D)
IV
and V
E)
III,IV
and V
120. When a goose notices an egg outside her nest, she rises, extends her neck, touches the egg with her beak, and then rolls it back in very gently. She completes the same recovery behavior whether the objects she sees is a beer bottle or golf ball, or even if the egg is removed after she has begun to reach.
Which of the following statements is correct according to the description above?
A)
The
reason why the goose rolls back the objects which do not structurally look like
an egg is her lack of recognition
B)
This
behavior is caused by instinct
C)
She
rolls in the other objects in order to fill her nest to provide suitable
incubation conditions.
D)
This
behavior is learnt from the parents
E)
The
goose recognizes her own egg shape. For this reason, egg rolling is a fixed
action pattern and continues without another stimulus.
ECOLOGY
(15 questions, 15 points)
122. Which one of the following environmental conditions affects the dispersal trend of population positively?
A)
The
conditions that cause high mortality sometimes creating empty habitats
B)
Very
frequent changes in the habitat conditions
C)
Absence
of suitable places very close to each other
D)
A
low level of natality causing the differences between the habitats
E)
A
breakdown at any level of the food chain
124. According to the population growth curves given below, which population has reached the equilibrium by responding properly to the negative feedback mechanisms with time?
126. A mosquito species which lives in hot and highly humid environment generally chooses little isolated aquatic habitats to reproduce and completes its larval development. This species gives many generations by reproducing in late May and early October. To increase its population in a give area which one of the following factors is the most important limiting factor for this species (which is very sensitive to the chemical changes in the habitat water)?
A)
Increase
in the saturation in the air during the reproductive season
B)
Predation
C)
Competition
with another species in the microhabitat
D)
Increase
in the shadow factor
E)
Increase
in relative humidity
127. Which one of the following explanations can not be said about the relationship between the carrying capacity and the environmental response in high density populations
A)
Competition
increases
B)
The
natality rate decreases
C)
The
negative feedback mechanism works
D)
The
environmental response decreases
E)
The
mortality rate increases
131.
Which one of the following cannot be
said about the distribution of populations?
A)
These
is aggregated distribution in the places where competition or antagonism occurs
B)
Uniform
distribution is not prevalent in populations
C)
Aggregated
distribution increases competition for food, place and light
D)
Aggregated
distribution appears in asexually reproducing plants and in populations showing
parental care
E)
Habitat
diversity promotes random distribution
132. A park was built in a place which was occupied by a lot of ปA trees a long time ago, but they were all cut down and there was not a single ปA tree left in that region. Gardeners planted ปA trees and also ปB trees and ปC trees, which had never grown in that region before. Nobody took care of this garden. After 100 years, there were a lot of new ปA trees and ปB trees, but no young ปC trees. Which processes refer to the ปA, ปB and ปC trees in that park?
A) B) C)
A) Introduction Acclimatization Reacclimatization
B) Acclimatization Introduction Reacclimatization
C) Introduction Reacclimatization Acclimatization
D) Reacclimatization Acclimatization Introduction
E) Acclimatization Reacclimatization Introduction
133. The graph represents the changes in the biomass, diversity and primary production in the ecological succession. Which time intervals represent the first settler stage and the climax stage, respectively?
A) I and II
B) II and III
C) I and III
D) I, II and III
E) None of the above is correct
134. An ecologists wants to investigate if there are any differences in the vegetation on the north and south facing sides of a valley. She lays down a rope from the top to the bottom of the slope and every 2 meters she places a 1 m2 quadrate next to the rope. Standing above the quadrate she estimates and records the area occupied by each plant species. This technique involves which of the following?
1. The use of a point quadrate
2. The recording of % cover
3. The plotting of the results on a
kite diagram
4. Random sampling
5. The use of a belt transect
A) 1&2
B) 2 & 3
C) 3 & 4
D) 1,2 & 3
E) 2, 3 & 5